Electron Differaction Method

Independent-exposure Method in Electron-beam Lithography

The Coupled Electron-Ion Monte Carlo Method

Accumulated Reconstruction Method for Electron Holography

One of the long standing problems affecting electron holography, such as lateral coherence limitation, has been solved by the split illumination method with a specially customized transmission electron microscope (TEM). The customized TEM has single [1] or double [2] biprisms in a condenser optical system. Conventional TEM, constructed for electron holography, however, does not have any biprism...

An Improved Staining Method for Electron Microscopy

A n a q u e o u s so lu t ion of u r a n y l ace t a t e was first e m p l o y e d as a n e l ec t ron s ta in by W a t s o n (1958). W e h a v e f o u n d t h a t this s ta in , a l t h o u g h f r e q u e n t l y effective, is capr ic ious . T h e s ta in m a y no t inc rease con t r a s t of a g iven spec imen , a n d m a y , in o the r ins tances , l eave u n d e s i r a b l e c o n t a m i...

Instanton method for the electron propagator

A nonperturbative theory of the electron propagator is developed and used to calculate the one-particle Green’s function and tunneling density of states in strongly correlated electron systems. The method, which is based on a Hubbard–Stratonovich decoupling of the electron–electron interaction combined with a cumulant expansion of the resulting noninteracting propagator, provides a possible gen...